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README.md
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README.md
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# ZFSBootMenu-Root-Install
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# ZFSBootMenu Root Install
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Set of scripts for installing Linux with ZFS as the root filesystem, and ZFSBootMenu as the boot loader
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## Intro
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Well howdy!
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Welcome to the ZFSBootMenu Root Install script!
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This here script is designed to install (currently) either Debian or Fedora
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with OpenZFS as the root filesystem, and utilize ZFSBootMenu for actually
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getting the system up and running (as opposed to i.e. GRUB2 or systemd-bootd)
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Some of the benefits of this setup include:
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- Having a reliable copy-on-write (CoW) filesystem
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- Being able to easily create and rollback to snapshots from either the OS or ZFSBootMenu
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- Easy backups by sending/receiving snapshots to local or remote locations, including being able to do a "raw send", where the data being sent is the raw encrypted data without the decryption key, useful for backing up to third-party backup services
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- Having multiple version of an OS installed on the system via different root datasets (i.e. stable and testing versions, old and new versions, etc.)
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## Getting Started
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! THESE SCRIPTS ARE TO BE RUN ON THE LIVE MEDIUM OF THE OS YOU INTEND ON
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INSTALLING AND AS THE ROOT USER !
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To use this script, you run the `menu.sh` script, and use its, well, menu to
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go step by step through installing the OS you wish to have on your PC
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The steps are as follows, and will be expanded on throughout this document:
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- List
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- Configure
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- Partition
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- Install
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- Post Install
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- Finalize
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- WiFi Setup
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## List
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This lists all currently connected storage devices and network interfaces of the system
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This is handy to know what devices and interfaces were picked up by the OS and the script, and to make sure that everything is "hunky-dory"
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Storage devices are listed seperately for both /dev/ (i.e. sda, sdb), and for /dev/disk/by-id/ (i.e. ata-WD_Blue)
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The latter method (/dev/disk/by-id/) is STRONGLY recommended when selecting the installation disk during configuration, and the former method (/dev/) should only be used in an environment where the latter method is unavailable (i.e. in a virtual machine)
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## Configure
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When run, this will guide you through creating a configuration file (system.conf) that is used throughout the script for various tasks
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This includes:
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- Disk type (SSD or HDD)
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- Disk to install to
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- Hostname of the machine
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- Username of your new user account
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- Whether to configure SWAP or not (SWAP will be equal to RAM x2)
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- Whether to use encryption or not (ZFS native encryption is used)
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## Partition
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The disk selected during configuration will be completely wiped and
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partitioned, and formatted with the ZFS filesystem
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Debian or Fedora will be installed via their respective means for this setup (debootstrap for Debian, and an rsync for Fedora)
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If encryption was configured on, you will enter a password for your new zpool during this step
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The partition layout is as such:
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- A 512MiB partition for EFI
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- A RAMx2 partition for SWAP (if configured)
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- A partition for ZFS (remaining space)
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Multiple ZFS datatets are setup from this script, including (but not limited to):
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- A dataset for the root filesystem (such as to allow multiple OSes)
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- A dataset for your home directory
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- A datatset for your config directory
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- Seperate datasets for /srv, /tmp, /usr, /var, etc.
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After this script has mostly concluded, you will be chrooted into the new installation to continue
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Once the chroot has been exited, everything will be unmounted and the zpool exported
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Afterwards, you will be notified to reboot the machine
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## Install
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This is where you finish installing the system
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After being chrooted by the partition script, you'll run the menu script again from `/ZFSBootMenu Root Install/menu.sh` and begin this step
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This is where the needed packages are installed, the system gets configured, and ZFSBootMenu is downloaded and EFI entries made
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Exactly what needs doing depends on what OS is being installed (Debian or Fedora)
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After completion, the post install script should be automatically ran
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## Post Install
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This is where the datasets for the individual user are created, as well as the user themselves
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When installing Debian, this part will also have you select the desktop environment you wish to install (if any), and setup an APT hook to a script that takes a snapshot before any packages are installed, removed, or upgraded, to allow for easy rollback in the event of a botched package operation
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## Finalize
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This part ensures that timedatectl is set properly, as well as locks the root account, and sets up Flathub in user mode for installation of software packaged as Flatpaks
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## WiFi Setup
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This part is mostly obsolete
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This script allows for the configuration of a WiFi network from the terminal, in the event that a wired connection is unavailable
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